a new trial in which issues already litigated and to which the court has already rendered a verdict or decision are reexamined by the same court; occurs when the initial trial is found to have been improper or unfair due to procedural errorsすでに訴訟に持ち込まれた案件、または裁判所がすでに裁決を下している案件が同じ法廷で再審査されること再審